NUT Midline Carcinoma Treatment Market Fueled by Rare Cancer Focus

NUT Midline Carcinoma Treatment Market Size, Key Players with Insights and Forecast

The global NUT midline carcinoma treatment market size is estimated at US$ 23.92 billion in 2025, grew to US$ 26.59 billion in 2026, and is expected to reach approximately US$ 68.89 billion by 2035. The market is expanding at a CAGR of 11.15% from 2026 to 2035.

Companies are developing various treatment options for NUT midline carcinoma, with AI technologies being leveraged to optimize and accelerate drug development. Expanding healthcare infrastructure, robust industry growth, increasing R&D activities, funding, and awareness are driving adoption across regions. Additionally, the launch of targeted therapies is further propelling market growth.

Key Takeaways

• NUT midline carcinoma treatment sector pushed the market to USD 23.92 billion by 2025.
• Long-term projections show USD 68.89 billion valuation by 2035.
• Growth is expected at a steady CAGR of 11.15% in between 2026 to 2035.
• North America dominated the global NUT midline carcinoma treatment market in 2024.
• Asia Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing region during the forecast period.
• By treatment type, the chemotherapy segment dominated the market in 2024.
• By treatment type, the targeted therapy segment is expected to expand at the fastest rate during the forecast period.
• By route of administration, the intravenous segment dominated the market in 2024.
• By route of administration, the oral segment is expected to experience significant growth during the forecast period.
• By end user, the hospitals segment dominated the market in 2024.
• By end user, the specialty clinics segment is expected to grow at the fastest rate during the forecast period.

Key Indicators and Highlights

Battling the Rare Cancer: What are the NUT Midline Carcinoma Treatments?

The NUT midline carcinoma treatment market is fueled by a growing shift toward novel targeted therapies, increasing diagnostic advancements, and rising awareness. Treatments for NUT midline carcinoma include various options such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, as well as emerging targeted and immunotherapies, with personalized and more effective treatments also being developed. These therapies help control tumor progression, shrink tumors, or remove them, providing targeted action that enhances patient outcomes.

NUT Midline Carcinoma Treatment Market Outlook

• Industry Growth Overview: The NUT midline carcinoma treatment market is expected to grow rapidly between 2025 and 2034 due to the emergence of targeted therapies and diagnostics. Increased awareness among healthcare professionals and favorable regulatory pathways are further encouraging the development of novel treatments for this rare and aggressive cancer.
• Sustainability Trends: There is a strong focus on using green chemistry in the development and manufacturing of treatments. This involves utilizing less hazardous, more efficient methods to create new drugs to reduce energy use and environmental waste.
• Major Investors: The major investors in the market include large biopharmaceutical companies such as Pfizer, GSK, Merck & Co., and Bristol-Myers Squibb, along with academic institutions, venture capital firms, and government bodies. They contribute by funding research and development of novel therapies, supporting clinical trials, and accelerating the commercialization of targeted treatments for this rare and aggressive cancer.
• Startup Ecosystem: The startup ecosystem is concentrating on developing innovative and targeted therapies that specifically target the BRD4-NUT fusion protein responsible for driving the cancer. Active participants in this market include Zenith Epigenetics Ltd., CHARM Therapeutics, C4 Therapeutics, Inc., and many others.

AI-Enabled Innovations in NUT Midline Carcinoma Management

AI is transforming the NUT midline carcinoma treatment market by enabling precise diagnosis and genomic profiling, which helps identify the specific BRD4-NUT fusion mutations driving the cancer. It facilitates the development of personalized therapies by predicting which treatments are most likely to be effective for individual patients. Additionally, AI aids in drug discovery by forecasting drug targets, interactions, and potential toxicities, accelerating the creation of optimized treatment options. Overall, AI enhances treatment precision, reduces development timelines, and improves patient outcomes in this rare and aggressive cancer segment.

Segment Outlook

Treatment Insights

Explanations:

• Chemotherapy (45%) – Dominates as the primary treatment approach due to its immediate tumor-shrinking potential and wide clinical accessibility.
• Targeted Therapy (25%) – Rapidly expanding with growing clinical use of BET inhibitors and molecular drugs aimed at chromatin remodeling proteins.
• Immunotherapy (15%) – Gains share as immune checkpoint inhibitors show promise in improving survival for rare, aggressive cancers.
• Radiation Therapy (10%) – Plays a supporting role for localized tumor management, especially in combination therapy protocols.
• Others (5%) – Represents experimental and palliative therapies still in early-stage trials.

Which Treatment Segment Holds the Dominant Share of the NUT Midline Carcinoma Treatment Market in 2024?

The chemotherapy segment held the dominant market share in 2024 due to its status as the primary first-line therapy for aggressive cancers. Its systemic effects allow it to target rapidly progressing tumors, while its broad-spectrum activity addresses multiple cancer pathways. Additionally, the widespread availability and established clinical use of chemotherapy drugs have contributed to their preference among healthcare providers, reinforcing their leading market position.

The targeted therapy segment is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the projection period, as it offers target-specific action, thereby increasing effectiveness and promoting its use. At the same time, fewer side effects associated with targeted therapies are boosting adoption rates, improving survival rates, and encouraging further innovation. Additionally, increasing research, regulatory approvals, and adoption of novel targeted drugs by oncology centers contribute to segmental growth.

The immunotherapy segment is expected to grow at a significant rate in the near future, as it helps boost the body's immune system. This enhances the natural defense mechanism by targeting tumor cells. Personalized therapies are also increasingly being used due to their higher success rates, often combined with other treatment options to improve patient outcomes.

Route of Administration Insights

Explanations:

• Intravenous (70%) – Leads the segment since most cytotoxic and targeted cancer drugs require IV infusion for effective systemic delivery.
• Oral (25%) – Expected to grow with the development of oral small-molecule inhibitors and patient preference for non-invasive treatment.
• Other (5%) – Limited to specialized administration routes used in research or compassionate use cases.

What Made Intravenous the Dominant Segment in the Market in 2024?

The intravenous segment dominated the NUT midline carcinoma treatment market in 2024, due to its systemic delivery that provides rapid action. It also offers high bioavailability, which enhances the therapeutic effect of treatment options and increases their use in emergency situations. Additionally, various chemotherapy agents, which are unstable in the digestive tract, are administered through this route.

The oral segment is expected to register the highest CAGR during the forecast period, as this route offers easy administration, which helps improve patient convenience. Additionally, they are the preferred method for long-term cancer treatment, which is driving the development of oral formulations. Furthermore, self-administration trends are increasing their use.

End Use Insights

Explanations:

• Hospitals (65%) – Capture the major share owing to the need for advanced diagnostic, surgical, and oncology support systems.
• Specialty Clinics (25%) – Expanding share due to focused cancer centers offering personalized treatment and better patient follow-up.
• Other (10%) – Includes research centers and home-based setups contributing marginally due to limited patient volume.

How Does the Hospitals Segment Dominate the NUT Midline Carcinoma Treatment Market in 2024?

The hospitals segment dominated the market by holding the largest share in 2024 due to the availability of various treatment options. At the same time, the presence of experienced professionals in these settings helps in effectively delivering complex therapies to patients. Moreover, the high usage of continuous patient monitoring and increased adoption of advanced therapies are attracting more patients to these settings.

The specialty clinics segment is expected to grow at the fastest rate in the coming years, due to the presence of skilled personnel, which helps in providing personalized treatment options. At the same time, they also offer shorter waiting times, which improve patient adherence to treatment. Additionally, they provide advanced, targeted therapies that are attracting patients.

Regional Insights

Explanations:

• North America (40%) – Leads the global market, supported by advanced oncology infrastructure, strong clinical trial activity, and high diagnostic awareness.
• Europe (27%) – Holds a substantial share with established cancer care networks and research on rare carcinomas.
• Asia-Pacific (22%) – Expected to grow fastest, driven by improving healthcare access, rising cancer prevalence, and increasing adoption of modern therapies.
• Latin America (6%) – Accounts for a modest share due to limited awareness and constrained access to high-cost targeted drugs.
• Middle East & Africa (5%) – Represents the smallest share owing to low incidence detection and restricted availability of advanced treatment options.

What Made North America the Leading Region in the NUT Midline Carcinoma Treatment Market?

North America led the NUT midline carcinoma treatment market in 2024, capturing the largest share, driven by the presence of a large number of market players that accelerated the development of novel therapies. Significant growth in R&D investments further encouraged innovation across both industry and academic institutions. Advanced healthcare infrastructure and high adoption rates of cutting-edge treatments also supported market expansion. Additionally, favorable regulatory frameworks and growing awareness among healthcare professionals strengthened the region’s leadership in the market.

U.S. NUT Midline Carcinoma Treatment Market Analysis

There is significant growth in R&D activities across U.S., supported by government funding and private investment, which is driving clinical trials. Additionally, the rising incidence of NUT midline carcinoma is increasing the adoption of advanced and personalized therapies. For instance, according to Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, the total number of NUT carcinoma cases in the U.S. is estimated at 1,400 per year.

What Makes Asia Pacific the Fastest-Growing Region?

Asia Pacific is expected to grow at the fastest rate in the NUT midline carcinoma treatment market during the forecast period, driven by the expanding oncology sector. This, in turn, is increasing interest in the development of NUT carcinoma diagnosis and treatment, which are backed by healthcare investments. Additionally, expanding healthcare and increasing awareness are driving earlier diagnosis and greater use of various treatment options. Additionally, supportive government initiatives and growing private-sector participation are accelerating the availability of innovative therapies, further strengthening the region’s market position.

India NUT Midline Carcinoma Treatment Market Analysis

Expanding healthcare infrastructure in India, including hospitals and specialty clinics, is driving increased demand for NUT carcinoma treatments. Concurrently, the growing oncology sector is fostering innovation and collaborations among companies, accelerating clinical trials. Additionally, government initiatives are enhancing treatment affordability and improving patient outcomes, further supporting market growth in the region.

Why is Europe Considered the Notably Growing Area?

Europe is expected to experience notable growth in the NUT midline carcinoma treatment market during the forecast period, driven by a robust R&D infrastructure that supports the development of complex therapies, new combinations, and other innovative treatment options. Rising awareness about rare cancers and favorable regulatory frameworks are encouraging the development and adoption of targeted and personalized therapies. Additionally, collaborations between biotech companies, academic institutions, and government bodies are accelerating innovation and improving access to novel treatment options across the region.

UK NUT Midline Carcinoma Treatment Market Analysis

The UK’s advanced pharmaceutical and biotech industries are actively developing therapies for NUT carcinoma. Regulatory incentives, such as fast-track and orphan drug designations, are fostering innovation and accelerating clinical trials. Additionally, the well-established healthcare system is supporting the growing adoption of personalized and targeted treatments.

How is the Opportunistic Rise of South America in the NUT Midline Carcinoma Treatment Market?

South America is witnessing an opportunistic rise in the NUT midline carcinoma treatment market due to increasing healthcare infrastructure investments and growing awareness of rare cancers. Expanding healthcare infrastructure is increasing the detection of these cancers, driving demand for earlier and more effective treatment. The growing awareness of a range of cancers is also driving their diagnosis, thereby increasing the demand for advanced therapies and oral formulations. Additionally, rising government initiatives and partnerships with global pharmaceutical companies are facilitating the adoption of targeted and personalized treatments across the region.

Brazil NUT Midline Carcinoma Treatment Market Analysis

There is growing awareness in Brazil about NUT carcinoma as a rare and aggressive cancer, driving the adoption of genetic testing and treatment services. Additionally, the expanding healthcare sector is increasing the use of immunotherapies, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies. Collaborations among companies are fostering clinical trials, supported by investments from multiple sources.

What Factors Support the Growth of the MEA NUT Midline Carcinoma Treatment Market?

The market in the Middle East and Africa (MEA) is expected to grow during the forecast period, driven by increased early diagnosis through government-led awareness and screening campaigns. Concurrently, rising healthcare investments are expanding oncology centers, boosting the adoption of various treatment options. Additionally, growth in medical tourism and ongoing innovations are further enhancing market expansion.

Saudi Arabia NUT Midline Carcinoma Treatment Market Analysis

Saudi Arabia is witnessing a rise in government initiatives that promote cancer research and development while improving access to novel therapies. Concurrently, advancements in the oncology sector are driving the adoption of molecular testing and enhanced treatment capabilities for managing NUT carcinoma. Additionally, companies are focusing on developing precision medicines alongside more affordable cancer treatment options.

Value Chain Analysis of the NUT Midline Carcinoma Treatment Market

R&D

The R&D of NUT midline carcinoma treatment focuses on developing targeted therapies to inhibit the BRD4-NUT fusion protein that drives the cancer, along with combining treatment approaches to improve patient outcomes.

Key Players: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Merck & Co., Inc., Pfizer Inc., F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.

Clinical Trials and Regulatory Approvals

The clinical trials and regulatory approval process for NUT midline carcinoma treatments includes assessing efficacy endpoints such as overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS).

Key Players: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Merck & Co., Inc., Pfizer Inc., GSK plc, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.

Formulation and Final Dosage Preparation

The formulation and final dosage preparation of NUT midline carcinoma treatment involve balancing the use of traditional intravenous chemotherapy with the development of more patient-friendly oral targeted therapies.

Key Players: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Merck & Co., Inc., Pfizer Inc., GSK plc, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.

Packaging and Serialization

The packaging and serialization of the NUT midline carcinoma treatment ensure compliance with standard pharmaceutical supply chain regulations, traceability requirements, and proper packaging for safe administration.

Key Players: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Merck & Co., Inc., Pfizer Inc., F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.

Patient Support and Services

Patient support and services for NUT midline carcinoma treatment include emotional support networks, financial assistance, genetic counseling services, and access to clinical trials.

Key Players: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Merck & Co., Inc., Pfizer Inc., GSK plc, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.

Top Companies in the NUT Midline Carcinoma Treatment Market

Bristol-Myers Squibb Company

Corporate Information

• Headquarters: Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.
• Year Founded: The company traces its origins to 1887 (BristolMyers Company) and 1858 (Squibb), with the current entity formed by merger in 1989.

Business Overview

BMS is a global biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, developing, and delivering innovative medicines for serious diseases such as oncology, hematology, immunology, cardiovascular issues, and fibrosis. Regarding NUT midline carcinoma, a rare and aggressive cancer caused by chromosomal rearrangements involving NUTM1 and BRD family proteins, BMS is exploring epigenetic and BET inhibitor therapies that target the underlying molecular fusion proteins (e.g., BRD4-NUT).

Business Segments / Divisions

• Oncology & Hematology – BMS’s largest segment by research intensity and revenue relevance, covering treatments for solid tumors and hematologic malignancies.
• Immunology – Treatments for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
• Cardiovascular & Fibrosis – Therapeutics addressing heart disease, clotting, and fibrotic disorders.
• Research & Development Platforms – The company emphasises novel modalities including cell therapy, targeted protein degradation, and epigenetic modifiers.

Geographic Presence

BMS operates globally, with commercial operations, R&D and manufacturing across the Americas, Europe, AsiaPacific, Middle East & Africa. For example, its India affiliate includes commercial, businessinsights and R&D entities in Mumbai, Hyderabad and Bangalore.

Key Offerings

• Trotabresib (CC90010 / BMS986378) – An oral BET inhibitor under development for a range of solid tumors, including NUT midline carcinoma, targeting the BRD4/NUT fusion oncoprotein.
• BMS986158 – A BET inhibitor tested in a Phase 1/2a trial including a patient with NUT carcinoma, demonstrating preliminary activity. These offerings reflect the company’s strategy of pursuing epigenetic/targeted therapies for rare cancers with high unmet need.

SWOT Analysis

• Strengths:
  • Deep oncology R&D capability and strong pipeline across solid tumors and hematologic malignancies.
  • Global commercial infrastructure and experience in launching high-complexity therapies.
  • Strategic platforms in cell therapy and targeted protein degradation that may support novel therapy development in rare cancers like NMC.
• Weaknesses:
  • The NMC-specific segment is very small and highly specialised, representing a small fraction of overall oncology spend and development risk.
  • BETinhibitor programmes face high scientific and regulatory uncertainty (e.g., the BMS decision to exit or reduce some BET assets)
• Opportunities:
  • Significant unmet need in NMC (very poor prognosis, few approved therapies) presents an opportunity for breakthrough therapy designation, premium pricing, and global access.
  • Emerging diagnostic awareness and increased use of molecular profiling may enlarge the identifiable patient population eligible for BMS’s therapies.
  • Partnerships/licensing (e.g., ADC platforms) could accelerate development of combo regimens for NMC.
• Threats:
  • Competition from other companies developing BET inhibitors, targeted fusiononcogene therapies, or immunotherapies for NMC.
  • Clinical risk: if key trials don’t demonstrate meaningful benefit, regulatory approval and commercialisation will be jeopardised.
  • Rare disease market dynamics: limited patient numbers, challenging reimbursement pathways, and high cost of therapy development.

Zenith Epigenetics

Corporate Information

• Headquarters: Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
• Year Founded: The company was spun out around 2013 (via incorporation of its operating assets) as a clinical-stage biotech company focusing on epigenetic therapeutics.

Business Overview

Zenith Epigenetics is a clinical-stage biotechnology company focused on discovering and developing novel epigenetic therapies, especially bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitors for oncology indications with high unmet medical needs. Its strategic goal is to translate epigenetic biology into effective cancer treatments, with particular attention to rare and aggressive cancers like NUT carcinoma.

Business Segments / Divisions

• Therapeutic Development Segment: development of its lead compound ZEN3694 (BET inhibitor) across multiple oncology indications, including NUT carcinoma.
• Collaborations & Licensing Segment: strategic partnerships, licensing agreements, and combination therapy development (e.g., with larger pharma, academic institutions) to advance its pipeline and commercialization pathways.

Geographic Presence

Zenith Epigenetics operates globally in terms of clinical development and licensing. Although headquartered in Canada, it has additional offices in the U.S. (San Francisco) and conducts clinical trials in the U.S. and internationally. Its development and licensing activities include territories such as Asia (via partnerships) and global trial sites for rare cancers.

Key Offerings

• ZEN3694: An oral, panBET bromodomain inhibitor being developed specifically for NUT carcinoma (as well as other solid tumour indications). It disrupts the pathogenic BRD4NUT (or other NUTM1 fusion) oncoprotein which drives NUT carcinoma progression.
• Regulatory milestones: The U.S. FDA has granted Fast Track designation to ZEN3694 (in combination with abemaciclib) for unresectable or metastatic NUT carcinoma, and also Orphan Drug designation for the same indication.
• The company is running multiple clinical trials (e.g., NCT05372640, NCT05019716) focusing on ZEN3694 in NUT carcinoma either alone or in combination with chemotherapy or CDK4/6 inhibitors.

SWOT Analysis

• Strengths:
  • A highly differentiated, targeted therapeutic (ZEN3694) specifically for a rare and aggressive disease (NUT carcinoma) with no currently approved treatments, meaning high unmet need and potential premium value.
  • Strategic partnerships/licensing in multiple regions, strong clinical trial framework, and regulatory designations (Fast Track, Orphan Drug) that enhance pathway and exclusivity.
  • Focused epigenetic technology platform (BET inhibitors) with potential applicability beyond NUT carcinoma into other solid tumours offering upside beyond one indication.
• Weaknesses:
  • Being a relatively small, early‐stage biotech, Zenith may have limited commercial infrastructure and high dependence on external partnerships for largescale development and commercialization.
  • Rare disease market characteristics: limited patient population, diagnostic challenges (underdiagnosis of NUT carcinoma), and high developmental risk for latestage therapies.
• Opportunities:
  • The NUT carcinoma market offers a whitespace opportunity, given no approved therapies and the highly aggressive nature of the disease; success could drive premium pricing and rapid uptake.
  • Emerging diagnostics and awareness (improved detection of NUTM1 fusions) will increase the identifiable patient pool, expanding market potential for ZEN3694.
  • Potential expansion of the BET inhibitor approach into other epigenetic fusion cancers or tumours driven by similar mechanisms, leveraging platform technology for broader oncology impact.
• Threats:
  • Competitive risk from other biotech or pharma companies developing alternative therapies (e.g., other BET inhibitors, immunotherapies, or targeted fusion protein drugs) for NUT carcinoma or rare cancers.
  • Regulatory and reimbursement uncertainties in rare cancer therapies, especially for novel mechanisms and combination regimens; late-stage trial failure would substantially impact value.
  • Limited patient numbers may create commercial challenges in scaling; also, real-world diagnostic adoption and market access may lag expectations.

Other Major Companies

Recent News and Developments in the Market

• In October 2025, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Orphan Drug and Fast Track designations to ZEN-3694 for treating NUT carcinoma, developed by Zenith Epigenetics Ltd. (Zenith). Additionally, the company announced it aims to obtain a Breakthrough Therapy designation.
• In August 2025, for the development of the world’s first international guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of NUT carcinoma, Dr. Hifzur R. Siddique, a cancer researcher at the Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), was chosen as an expert member. Additionally, among 175 scientists worldwide, including experts from Japan, China, Singapore, the U.S., Israel, the UK, Italy, Sweden, Norway, Portugal, Greece, Poland, Austria, and Brazil, Dr. Siddique is the only Indian.

Exclusive Analysis

The NUT midline carcinoma treatment market is poised for rapid evolution as the convergence of precision oncology and orphan‐disease incentives draws expanding R&D interest and commercial ambition. With the disease’s molecular hallmark, a BRD4-NUTM1 fusion, serving as a defined target, the transition from conventional chemotherapy to BET inhibitors, fusion protein degraders, and combination regimens is accelerating. Diagnostic advancements, including next-generation sequencing and fusion detection, are increasing case identification and expanding the treatment pool. These scientific and diagnostic enablers create a compelling market-entry window for novel therapeutic players in this high-unmet-need rare oncology segment.

Geographically, while North America remains the most established region, owing to its advanced healthcare infrastructure, early access frameworks, and favorable orphandrug regulatory regimes, the most attractive growth vectors reside in AsiaPacific and emerging geographies. These regions benefit from scalable oncology infrastructure buildout, increasing public and private investment in rare cancer care, and improving access to molecular diagnostics and targeted therapies. Strategic partnerships and licensing deals in lowerpenetrated markets offer incumbent and new‐entrant companies the ability to establish leadership in whitespace territories before saturation, thereby capturing disproportionate value.

From a commercialization perspective, this market presents a differentiated highvalue niche within the broader oncology landscape. Competitive advantage will accrue to companies that can combine precision diagnostics, targeted therapeutics, and outcomebased care models, particularly those incorporating digital/AI tools, biomarker‐guided patient stratification and service‐bundled care delivery. Opportunities include modular business models centred on therapy plus diagnostics, early‐mover access into underserved regions, and premium pricing justified by the rarity and aggressiveness of NMC. However, success will require navigating diagnostic adoption, clinical trial scale limitations and reimbursement complexities inherent in ultra‐rare cancer markets.

Segments Covered in the Report

By Treatment

• Chemotherapy
• Targeted Therapy
• Immunotherapy
• Radiation Therapy
• Others

By Route Of Administration

• Oral
• Intravenous (IV)
• Other

By End Use

• Hospitals
• Specialty Clinics
• Other

By Region

• North America
  • U.S.
  • Canada
  • Mexico
  • Rest of North America
• South America
  • Brazil
  • Argentina
  • Rest of South America
• Europe
  • Western Europe 
    • Germany
    • Italy
    • France
    • Netherlands
    • Spain
    • Portugal
    • Belgium
    • Ireland
    • UK
    • Iceland
    • Switzerland
    • Poland
    • Rest of Western Europe
• Eastern Europe
  • Austria
  • Russia & Belarus
  • Türkiye
  • Albania 
  • Rest of Eastern Europe
• Asia Pacific
  • China
  • Taiwan
  • India
  • Japan
  • Australia and New Zealand
  • ASEAN Countries (Singapore, Malaysia)
  • South Korea
  • Rest of APAC
• MEA
  • GCC Countries
  • Saudi Arabia
  • United Arab Emirates (UAE)
  • Qatar
  • Kuwait
  • Oman
  • Bahrain
• South Africa
• Egypt
• Rest of MEA